Table of Contents
Comprendere l’anatomia di un pHmetro: una guida completa con diagrammi etichettati
Comprendere l’anatomia di un pHmetro: una guida completa con diagrammi etichettati
| Modello | Misuratore di ossigeno disciolto DO-810/1800 |
| Intervallo | 0-20,00 mg/l |
| Precisione | \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\±0,5 per cento FS |
| Temp. Comp. | 0-60\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\℃ |
| Opera. Temp. | 0\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\～60\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\℃ |
| Sensore | Sensore di ossigeno disciolto |
| Visualizzazione | Funzionamento del codice segmento/Schermo LCD 128*64 (DO-1800) |
| Comunicazione | RS485 opzionale |
| Uscita | Uscita 4-20 mA\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\ Controllo doppio relè limite alto/basso |
| Potenza | CA 220 V\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\±10 per cento 50/60 Hz o CA 110 V\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\±10 per cento 50/60 Hz o 24 V CC/0,5 A |
| Ambiente di lavoro | Temperatura ambiente:0\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\～50\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\℃ |
| Umidità relativa\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\≤85 per cento | |
| Dimensioni | 96\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\×96\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\×100mm(H\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\×W\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\×L) |
| Dimensione foro | 92\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\×92mm(H\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\×W) |
| Modalità di installazione | Incorporato |
I misuratori di pH sono strumenti preziosi in vari campi, dai laboratori agli ambienti industriali, poiché consentono la misurazione precisa dell’acidità o dell’alcalinità di una soluzione. Sebbene la loro funzionalità possa sembrare complessa, scomporre i componenti di un pHmetro attraverso diagrammi etichettati può offrire una comprensione più chiara di come funzionano questi strumenti.
Nel cuore di un pHmetro si trova il sistema di elettrodi, comprendente un elettrodo di vetro e un elettrodo di riferimento elettrodo. L’elettrodo di vetro è il sensore principale responsabile del rilevamento delle variazioni di pH. È costituito da una sottile membrana di vetro che risponde selettivamente agli ioni idrogeno presenti nella soluzione. Adiacente all’elettrodo di vetro si trova l’elettrodo di riferimento, che mantiene un potenziale elettrico stabile e funge da punto di riferimento per le misurazioni dell’elettrodo di vetro.
La giunzione, dove si incontrano gli elettrodi di vetro e di riferimento, svolge un ruolo cruciale nel garantire un pH accurato misurazioni. Questa giunzione consente agli ioni di fluire tra il campione e la soluzione di riferimento, facilitando la creazione di un potenziale di equilibrio.
Il sistema di elettrodi è circondato dall’alloggiamento o corpo del pHmetro. Solitamente realizzato con materiali durevoli come plastica o vetro, l’alloggiamento protegge i delicati componenti interni fornendo al tempo stesso una piattaforma stabile per il funzionamento. Ospita anche il circuito responsabile della conversione dei segnali elettrici dagli elettrodi in letture di pH.
Uscendo dall’alloggiamento, incontriamo il display e i controlli del pHmetro. Il pannello del display è generalmente dotato di una lettura digitale o di una scala analogica, che fornisce agli utenti letture del pH in tempo reale. Accanto al display sono presenti vari controlli, inclusi pulsanti o manopole per la calibrazione, la compensazione della temperatura e la selezione della modalità.
La compensazione della temperatura è una caratteristica fondamentale dei misuratori di pH, poiché le misurazioni del pH possono essere influenzate dai cambiamenti di temperatura. Molti pHmetri moderni incorporano sensori di temperatura per regolare automaticamente le letture del pH in base alla temperatura del campione, garantendo una maggiore precisione.
La calibrazione è un altro aspetto essenziale della manutenzione del pHmetro. Calibrando il misuratore utilizzando soluzioni tampone standard con valori di pH noti, gli utenti possono verificare l’accuratezza delle misurazioni e apportare le modifiche necessarie. Le procedure di calibrazione possono variare a seconda del modello specifico del pHmetro, ma in genere comportano l’immersione degli elettrodi in soluzioni tampone e la regolazione delle impostazioni del misuratore di conseguenza.
Oltre ai componenti principali sopra descritti, alcuni pHmetri possono includere funzionalità aggiuntive come dati funzionalità di registrazione, opzioni di connettività per il trasferimento di dati a dispositivi esterni o impostazioni di calibrazione avanzate per applicazioni specializzate.
Comprendere l’anatomia di un pHmetro è essenziale per massimizzarne le prestazioni e garantire misurazioni di pH accurate. Familiarizzando con i vari componenti e le loro funzioni, gli utenti possono risolvere i problemi in modo più efficace, eseguire attività di manutenzione ordinaria come la calibrazione con sicurezza e prendere decisioni informate quando scelgono un pHmetro per le loro esigenze specifiche.
In conclusione, un pHmetro è costituito da diversi componenti chiave, tra cui il sistema di elettrodi, l’alloggiamento, il display e i controlli. Ogni componente svolge un ruolo cruciale nel facilitare misurazioni accurate del pH. Analizzando l’anatomia di un pHmetro attraverso diagrammi etichettati e comprendendo la funzione di ciascuna parte, gli utenti possono sfruttare tutto il potenziale di questi strumenti versatili in un’ampia gamma di applicazioni.
Esplorazione del funzionamento interno dei misuratori di pH: diagrammi dettagliati per una migliore comprensione
I misuratori di pH sono strumenti indispensabili in vari campi, dai laboratori ai processi industriali, poiché consentono misurazioni precise dell’acidità o dell’alcalinità di una soluzione. Comprendere il funzionamento interno di questi dispositivi è fondamentale affinché gli utenti possano sfruttarne tutto il potenziale. Un diagramma dettagliato può fornire preziose informazioni sui componenti e sulle funzioni di un pHmetro, migliorandone la comprensione e facilitando un utilizzo ottimale.
Il cuore di un pHmetro è il sistema di elettrodi, comprendente un elettrodo di vetro e un elettrodo di riferimento. L’elettrodo di vetro, tipicamente a forma di bulbo, contiene una speciale membrana di vetro che interagisce selettivamente con gli ioni idrogeno nella soluzione. Questa interazione genera una tensione proporzionale alla concentrazione degli ioni idrogeno, consentendo la determinazione del pH. L’elettrodo di riferimento, spesso riempito con una soluzione di cloruro di potassio (KCl), mantiene un potenziale stabile rispetto al quale viene misurato il potenziale dell’elettrodo di vetro.
La giunzione, dove l’elettrodo di vetro e l’elettrodo di riferimento si collegano alla soluzione, svolge un ruolo fondamentale garantendo misurazioni accurate. Permette agli ioni di migrare tra la soluzione e l’elettrolita interno degli elettrodi, stabilendo l’equilibrio e minimizzando potenziali errori. Una giunzione porosa, comunemente realizzata in ceramica o vetro sabbiato, facilita lo scambio ionico prevenendo al contempo intasamenti o contaminazioni.
Le soluzioni elettrolitiche all’interno degli elettrodi sono essenziali per mantenerne la funzionalità. La soluzione KCl dell’elettrodo di riferimento fornisce un ambiente ionico stabile, garantendo un potenziale di riferimento coerente. Il rifornimento o la calibrazione regolari dell’elettrolito sono necessari per mantenere prestazioni e precisione ottimali.
Il sistema elettronico del pHmetro elabora i segnali di tensione provenienti dagli elettrodi, convertendoli in letture di pH visualizzate sul dispositivo. Questo sistema include amplificatori, convertitori e microprocessori che analizzano i segnali grezzi e applicano le correzioni necessarie, come la compensazione della temperatura, per tenere conto dei fattori ambientali che influenzano le misurazioni del pH.
La compensazione della temperatura è parte integrante delle misurazioni accurate del pH, come il pH di una soluzione dipende dalla temperatura. La maggior parte dei misuratori di pH sono dotati di sensori di temperatura integrati o consentono a sonde di temperatura esterne di monitorare la temperatura del campione. Gli algoritmi all’interno del dispositivo regolano le letture del pH in base alle variazioni di temperatura, garantendo risultati coerenti in diverse condizioni di temperatura.
La calibrazione è un aspetto fondamentale dell’utilizzo del pHmetro, convalidandone l’accuratezza e l’affidabilità. La calibrazione comporta la regolazione delle letture dello strumento in modo che corrispondano agli standard di pH noti, in genere pH 4,01, 7,00 e 10,01. Calibrando il pHmetro prima dell’uso e successivamente periodicamente, gli utenti possono mantenere la fiducia nell’accuratezza delle loro misurazioni.
La manutenzione e la cura regolari sono essenziali per preservare le prestazioni e la longevità dei misuratori di pH. Le corrette pratiche di conservazione, pulizia e manipolazione riducono la contaminazione e i danni ai componenti sensibili. L’ispezione e la calibrazione di routine verificano la funzionalità dello strumento e identificano eventuali deviazioni o derive che potrebbero richiedere una regolazione.
In conclusione, esplorare il funzionamento interno dei misuratori di pH attraverso diagrammi dettagliati offre preziose informazioni sulla loro funzionalità e sul loro funzionamento. La comprensione dei componenti, quali elettrodi, giunzioni ed elettronica, migliora la capacità degli utenti di utilizzare i pHmetri in modo efficace e di interpretare accuratamente i risultati delle misurazioni. Incorporando pratiche adeguate di manutenzione, calibrazione e compensazione della temperatura, gli utenti possono massimizzare le prestazioni e l’affidabilità dei misuratori di pH in varie applicazioni.